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Sigmund Freud, the father of psycho analysis-Australian: An Autobiographical study: 1925: Stephen Hawking, English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, author, and Director of Researcher at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge: A Brief History of Time: 1989: Thomas Jefferson, Former Presidents of US.

Ebook name- Puran Prabesh. Written by- Girindrasekhar Basu. Book genre- Religious. File format- PDF. Quality- good, without any watermark. The author- Girindrasekhar Basu is a renowned physician and chairman of the International Psychoanalytic Society and Sigmund Freud’s friend. Girindrasekhar is the youngest of. Collection of PDF books by Sigmund Freud Though his works received critics before admiration, that does not change the fact he is the founder of psychoanalysis and maybe modern Psychology. Most of the critics were based on the overestimation of the sex and libido effect in human nature, and some religious people attacked him because he was an. Civilization and Its Discontents by Sigmund Freud DOWNLOAD BOOK ONLINE BOOK Civilization and Its Discontents is a book by Sigmund Freud. Written in 1929, and first published in German in 1930 as Das Unbehagen in der Kultur (“The Uneasiness in Culture”). Flipkart View Books New Releases Buy Now Nokia 8 Price in india Flipkart, Amazon Release.

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Dream Psychology: Psychoanalysis for Beginners

Sigmund Freud

CLICK HERE for a free full-text PDF of Sigmund Freud's Dream Psychology: Psychoanalysis for Beginners. Among the chapters in this famous book are:

A Theory of Human Motivation
Abraham Maslow

When Abraham Maslow introduced the world to Humanistic Theory, a 'third force' in psychology was born (Behaviorism & Psychoanalytical theory being the first and second). As the name suggests, humanistic theory concerns itself with characteristics which are distinctly human.

Arguably the best known example of such a characteristic is Self-Actualization, an innate motivating force unique to the human species. It was in this landmark publication that Maslow provided the first published representation of Self-Actualization at the pinnicle of a hierarchy of human needs. According to Maslow Self-Actualization refers to the desire for self-fulfillment, in essence to become everything that one is capable of becoming.

You can download a free full-text PDF of this classic work via the following link.

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Transmission of Aggression Through Imitation of Aggressive Models
Albert Bandura

Albert Bandura is one the world's most frequently cited psychologists. His ground-breaking work within the field of social learning and social cognitive theory led to a paradigm shift within psychology away from psychodynamic and behaviorist perspectives. As part of a new research agenda in the early 1960's which posited that people learn vicariously through observation Bandura began investigating aggression through imitation; work that gave rise to one of the most famous psychology studies of all time, 'Transmission of Aggression Through Imitation of Aggressive Models.' More commonly known as 'The Bobo Doll Experiment,' it was the first study to explore the impact of televised violence on children.

You can download a free full-text PDF of this classic work via the following link.

Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance
Leon Festinger and James Carlsmith

Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance by Leon Festinger and James Carlsmith was the first of numerous studies to corroborate the theory of cognitive dissonance. The premiss for this classic piece of research was to test what happens to a person's private opinion when they are forced to do or say something contrary to that opinion.

You can download a free full-text PDF of this hugely influential psychology classic in full for free via the following link.

Play and its Role in the Mental Development of the Child
Lev Vygotsky

Despite his premature death at the age of just 37, Lev Vygotsky is widely considered as one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. Drawing on a range of perspectives including Marxist thought, cultural history, evolutionary phylogeny and lifespan development, Vygotsky made a lasting contribution to our understanding of the relationship between language and thought, the psychology of art, pedagogy and the psychology of play, in particular the process of self-regulation through creative play.

This landmark article - which was orginally given in the form of a speech - provides several key insights into Lev Vygotsky's theories of play. You can download a free full-text PDF of this classic work via the following link.

Superstition in The Pigeon
B.F. Skinner

This learning theory classic by B.F. Skinner demonstrates how accidental connections between a ritual and favorable consequences can establish and maintain superstitious behavior.

You can download a free full-text PDF of this influential article via the following link.

On The Witness Stand: Essays on Psychology and Crime
Hugo Münsterberg

On The Witness Stand: Essays on Psychology and Crime by Hugo Münsterberg is a very important book by one of my all time favorite psychologists. Not only did he boast a great name and outrageous moustache but Münsterberg was also a passionate advocate of forensic psychology. An engaging and controversial figure Munsterberg was a key figure in the study of psychology within a legal context. Years ahead of its time, On The Witness Stand: Essays on Psychology and Crime explores issues that are just as important and relevant today e.g., witness memory, suggestibilty and false confessions.

You can download a free full-text PDF of this psychology classic via the following link.

Sigmund Freud Books In Bengali Pdf

Conditioned Emotional Reactions
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner

Conditioned Emotional Reactions by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner is one of the most infamous research articles ever published in the history of psychology. Commonly referred to as 'The Case of Little Albert' this psychology classic attempted to show how fear could be induced in an infant through classical conditioning. Originally published in 1920, Conditioned Emotional Reactions remains among the most frequently cited journal articles in introductory psychology courses and textbooks.

You can download a free full-text PDF of this psychology classic via the following link.

Psychopathology of Everyday Life
Sigmund Freud

The Psychopathology of Everyday Life is arguably one of Sigmund Freud's least technical and, therefore, most accessible publications. Drawing on personal anecdotes and real life examples, Freud explores the psychological mechanisms underpinning such things as the forgetting of names and order of words, mistakes in speech and mistakes in reading and writing etc. This was the book that gave rise to what we now refer to as 'The Freudian slip'. As Freud notes in the Psychopathology of Everyday Life: Although the ordinary material of speech of our mother-tongue seems to be guarded against forgetting, its application, however, more often succumbs to another disturbance which is familiar to us as slips of the tongue.

You can download a free full-text PDF of this classic publication via the following link.

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A renowned psychologist, physiologist and great thinker during the early 20th century, Sigmund Freud is referred to as the father of psychoanalysis. He formulated several theories throughout his lifetime including the concepts of infantile sexuality, repression and the unconscious mind. Freud also explored on the structure of the mind, and developed a therapeutic framework that intends to understand and treat disturbing mental issues. Freud's aim was to establish a 'scientific psychology' and his wish was to achieve this by applying to psychology the same principles of causality as were at that that time considered valid in physics and chemistry. With the scope of his studies and impact of his theories on the modern world's concept of psychoanalysis, it is evident that much of these principles are rooted from the original works of Freud, although his theories have often become the subject of controversy among scholars.

Life

Freud was born in Moravia, but he was raised in Vienna and lived there until his death. As a student, he was deeply interested in psychoanalysis, although he also considered himself a scientist. In 1873, he took up biology at the University of Vienna while undertaking research work in physiology. His mentor was Ernst Brcke, a German scientist who was also the director of the university's physiology laboratory.

The voice of the intellect is a soft one, but it does not rest until it has gained a hearing.
Quote by Sigmund Freud

In 1881, Freud obtained a degree in medicine, which equipped him with credentials that enabled him to find employment as a doctor at the Vienna General Hospital. However, he became more interested in treating psychological disorders, so he decided to pursue a private practice that focused on this field. Matlab 2015b 32 bit free download with crack.
During his travel to Paris, he gained much knowledge on the work and theories of Jean Charcot, who was a French neurologist. Charcot performed hypnotism in treating abnormal mental problems including hysteria. This inspired Freud to use the same technique, although he eventually discovered the fleeting effects of hypnosis on the treatment of mental conditions. Thus, he experimented on other techniques such as the one proposed by Josef Breuer, one of Freud's collegaues.
The method involved encouraging patients to talk about any symptoms they experience since Breuer believed that trauma is usually rooted from past instances stuck in a person's unconscious mind. By allowing patients to discuss their symptoms uninhibitedly, they are able to confont these issues in an emotional and intellectual manner. The theory behind this technique was published in 1895, and it was entitled Studies in Hysteria.
Freud, however, became more interested in undertaking further studies on neuroses and sexual origins, which Breuer did not completely agree with. Hence, the two decided to go on separate ways, while Freud continued with his scientific work on refining the theory of psychoanalysis. In 1900, he was able to publish his study on self-analysis entitled The Interpretation of Dreams. Other works by Freud include The Psychopathology of Everyday Life and Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality.

Freud's psychoanalytic theory was rather controversial, and several scholars did not agree with his preoccupation on the topic of sexuality. It was only in 1908 when this theory by Freud was recognized by critics, specifically during the first International Psychoanalytic Congress in Salzburg. He also received an invitation to the United States, so he could conduct lectures on his psychoanalytic theory. This inspired him to go deeper into is studies, and he was able to produce over 20 volumes of his clinical studies and theoretical works. Fredu also developed the model of the mind as presented in The Ego and the Id, which was his scholarly work in 1923. Several scientists were inspired by Freud's theories including Jung and Adler, to name a few.

What progress we are making. In the Middle Ages they would have burned me. Now they are content with burning my books.
Quote by Sigmund Freud

A Look on Freud's Theories

While Freud was an original thinker, his theories and studies were influenced by the works of other scholars including Breuer and Charcot. However, Freud developed his own scientific studies that were different from the theories of his colleagues. In fact, much of his concepts were rooted from his past such as in his work entitled The Interpretation of Dreams. Here, he delved into the emotional crisis he went through during his father's death, as well as his battles with dreams that occurred to him in his earlier years. He underwent a contrasting feelings of hate/shame and love/admiration towards his father. Freud also admitted that deep down, he had fantasies in which he secretly wished for his father to die as he viewed him as his rival for the affection of his mother, and it was one of his bases for the Oedipus Complex theory.

Freud's Theory of Unconscious

Sigmund Freud believed that neuroses and other abnormal mental conditions are rooted from one's unconscious mind. However, these issues are slowly revealed through various means such as obsessive behavior, slips of the tongue and dreams. His theory was to go deeper into the underlying cause that produce these problems, wich can be accomplished by inspecting the conscious mind that is impacted by one's unconscious.
Freud also worked on the analysis of drives or instincts and how these arise in each person. According to him, there are two main categories of insticts such as Eros or life instict and Thanatos or death instinct. The former included instincts that are erotic and self-preserving while the latter was involved in drives that lead to cruelty and self-destruction. Thus, human actions are not purely rooted from motivations that are sexual in nature since death instincts barely involve sexuality as the motivating factor.

Infantile Sexuality

The theory of infantile sexuality by Freud was influenced by Breuer's concept that traumatic events during one's childhood years can greatly impact adulthood. In addition, Freud claimed that the desire for sexual pleasure had its early beginnings during infancy as babies gain pleasure from sucking. He referred to this as the oral stage of development, which is followed by the anal stage, where the latter is involved in the energy release through the anus. Afterwards, a young child begins to experience an interest in the genitals during the phallic stage, as well as a sexual attraction for parent of the opposite sex. Lastly, the latency period is the stage of life when sexual desires are less pronounced, and it may end during the puberty period.
Freud believed that unresolved conflicts during childhood can negatively impact mental health once a person reaches adulthood. For instance, homosexuality was viewed as the result of issues linked with the Oedipus Complex, which remained unaddressed. It was also the product of a child's inability to identify with his or her parent of the same sex.

Structure of the Mind

Freud claimed that the mind had three structural elements that included the id, ego and the super-ego. It was the id that involved instinctual sexual instincts, which must be satisfied. The go is one's conscious self while the super-ego involved the conscience. Considering these structural components of the mind, it is important to understand it as a dynamic energy system. To achieve mental well-being, it is important that all of these elements are in harmony with each other. Otherwise, psychological problems may occur including neurosis due to repression, regression, sublimation and fixation.

Psychoanalysis as Clinical Treatment of Neuroses

The main concept behind psychoanalysis is to address and resolve any issues that arise due to lack of harmony with the three structural elements of the mind. The primary technique mainly involved a psychoanalyst who encourages the person to talk freely about his or her symptoms, fantasies and tendencies. Hence, psychoanalytic therapy is geared towards attaining self-understanding as the patient becomes more capable of determining and handling unconscious forces that may either motivate or fear him or her. Any pent-up or restricted psychic energy is released, which also helped resolve mental illnesses. However, there are some questions in terms of the effectiveness of this technique, as it remains open to debate and controversies among scholars.

Evaluation of Freud and His Theories

Freud viewed psychoanalysis as a new science that must be explored to address issues affecting the mind and psychological problems. However, several scholars argue that for a scientific theory to be considered as valid, it must be testable and incompatible with any possible observations. There is also the questionable aspect of Freud's theories and their coherence (or lack of it). While his theory provides entities, there is an absence of correspondence rules, which means they are impossible to be identified unless referenced to the behavior that is believed to be the cause of the problem.

Dreams are often most profound when they seem the most crazy.
Quote by Sigmund Freud

Since Freud's theory is likely to be unscientific, it is impossible to provide a solid basis for the treatment of mental illness when implementing psychoanalysis as therapy. On the other hand, there are some true and genuine theories that can result to negative results when applied inappropriately. The main issue here is the fact that it may be difficult to determine a specific treatment for neurotic illnesses by merely alleviating symptoms. However, the effectiveness of a particular treatment method can be determined by grouping patients and analyzing which ones are cured using a specific technique or those who did not obtain any treatment at all. Unfortunately, with the case of psychoanalysis as a treatment methodology, the number of patients who benefited from it was not significantly high, as compared to the percentage of individuals who were cured using other means of intervention. Therefore the effectiveness of Freud's psychoanalysis as treatment remains as a controversial and debatable topic.
More than a century has passed since Freud began to use his personal term 'psychoanalysis', to describe what was at once his mode of therapy and his developing theory of the mind. We live more than ever in the Age of Freud, despite the relative decline that psychoanalysis has begun to suffer as a public institution and as a medical specialty. Freud's universal and comprehensive theory of the mind probably will outlive the psychoanalytical therapy, and seems already to have placed him with greatest thinkers Charles Darwin and William Shakespeare rather with the scientists he overtly aspired to emulate.